The World Health Organization provides a way to classify human diseases: the ICD10 Classification. About 16k diseases are defined and organized.
This repository create a webpage that provides a few way to visualize and search this information.
Have a look to the page here
For example, the classification can be explored through an interactive tree. Clicking on the nodes allows to go from one group to a subgroup and so on.
An interactive table is also provided. The research bar allows to immediately find out where a disease is classified: