+HDD-UbuntuLinux.md

Adding a hard drive to Ubuntu22/Linux

First

Connect your new hard drive to the mother board using the data a SATA III Data signal cable (small one) and the power cable (large one).

Second

Find out the name of your new hard drive

$ ls /dev/sd*

It will display all your hard drives in your computer as sata drive (sd) a and a1, the physical and the system files.

/dev/sda  /dev/sda1  /dev/sdb

Here we haven't created the systems files, so there aren't in display.

/dev/sdb is the new hdd, but first unmount it to reformat it to Ubunut/Linux compatible formats: ext4, FAT32, or NTFS file system.

$ sudo umount /dev/sdb

and then proceed to format it with mkfs, probably you need first to apt install xfsprogs

$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb

To prepare the partitions and To read the new device you should type fdisk for devices smaller than 2 Tb or parted for larger volumes

$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb

OR

$sudo parted /dev/sdb
## It will prompt a new interface
# start with
(parted) print
Model: ATA ST10000NE0008-2P (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

In the same window you can create a partition o multiple partitions, in my case I will create two partitions, one with 25% of the hdd capacity for raw data and the other 75% for databases

(parted) mkpart
Partition name []? data2 
File system type? [ext2]? ext4 # I want ext4
Start? 0% # type 0%
End? 25% 
(parted) mkpart
Partition name?  []? DBs
File system type?  [ext2]? ext4                                           
Start? 26%                                                                
End? 100%                                                                 
(parted) print                                                            
Model: ATA ST10000NE0008-2P (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name   Flags
 1      1049kB  2500GB  2500GB  ext4         data2
 2      2600GB  10.0TB  7401GB  ext4         DBs

After creating the partitions, we need to create a file systems on each partitio to be readed by the OS

$sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=152600512 blks
         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1    bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=610402048, imaxpct=5
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=298047, version=2
         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
$sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb2
meta-data=/dev/sdb2              isize=512    agcount=7, agsize=268435455 blks
         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1    bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=1806790656, imaxpct=5
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=521728, version=2
         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

Now each partition is visible to Ubuntu, check the added volumes

ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda  /dev/sda1  /dev/sdb  /dev/sdb1  /dev/sdb2

Here we created the systems files, so they are in display!!

However, the volumes are root owned, so you need to change the group and permissions to write and read.

$sudo chgrp adm /media/new_hdd2
$sudo chdmod g+w /media/new_hdd2

Enjoy your extra hard drive space!!