bpo-34087: Fix buffer overflow in int(s) and similar functions (GH-8274)

`_PyUnicode_TransformDecimalAndSpaceToASCII()` missed trailing NUL char.
It caused buffer overflow in `_Py_string_to_number_with_underscores()`.

This bug is introduced in 9b6c60c.
(cherry picked from commit 16dfca4)

Co-authored-by: INADA Naoki <methane@users.noreply.github.com>

Lib/test/test_complex.py

@@ -345,6 +345,9 @@ def split_zeros(x):
         self.assertEqual(type(complex("1"*500)), complex)
         # check whitespace processing
         self.assertEqual(complex('\N{EM SPACE}(\N{EN SPACE}1+1j ) '), 1+1j)
+        # Invalid unicode string
+        # See bpo-34087
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, complex, '\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f')
 
         class EvilExc(Exception):
             pass

Lib/test/test_float.py

@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ def test_float(self):
         # extra long strings should not be a problem
         float(b'.' + b'1'*1000)
         float('.' + '1'*1000)
+        # Invalid unicode string
+        # See bpo-34087
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, float, '\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f')
 
     def test_underscores(self):
         for lit in VALID_UNDERSCORE_LITERALS:

Lib/test/test_long.py

@@ -373,6 +373,10 @@ def test_long(self):
         for base in invalid_bases:
             self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '42', base)
 
+        # Invalid unicode string
+        # See bpo-34087
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f')
+
 
     def test_conversion(self):
 

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2018-07-13-22-09-55.bpo-34087.I1Bxfc.rst

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix buffer overflow while converting unicode to numeric values.

Objects/unicodeobject.c

@@ -9076,13 +9076,15 @@ _PyUnicode_TransformDecimalAndSpaceToASCII(PyObject *unicode)
             int decimal = Py_UNICODE_TODECIMAL(ch);
             if (decimal < 0) {
                 out[i] = '?';
+                out[i+1] = '\0';
                 _PyUnicode_LENGTH(result) = i + 1;
                 break;
             }
             out[i] = '0' + decimal;
         }
     }
 
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(result, 1));
     return result;
 }
 

Python/pystrtod.c

@@ -391,6 +391,8 @@ _Py_string_to_number_with_underscores(
     char *dup, *end;
     PyObject *result;
 
+    assert(s[orig_len] == '\0');
+
     if (strchr(s, '_') == NULL) {
         return innerfunc(s, orig_len, arg);
     }