piaic 3ft.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "12 12.7 pakistan False\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(12,12.7,\"pakistan\",False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "12>====12.7>====pakistan>====False\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(12,12.7,\"pakistan\",False,sep=\">====\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Python\t\tJava\t\tJava Script\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Python\",end =\"\\t\\t\")\n",
    "print(\"Java\",end =\"\\t\\t\")\n",
    "print(\"Java Script\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "my name is  wajahat  and my age is  30\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age = 30\n",
    "name = \"wajahat\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "can only concatenate str (not \"int\") to str",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-20-fb4bbcbd1a43>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"my name is \"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0mname\u001b[0m  \u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\" and my age is \"\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0mage\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: can only concatenate str (not \"int\") to str"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"my name is \"+ name  +\" and my age is \" + age)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "my name is name wajahat and my age is age 30\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"my name is  \"+ name +\" and my age is \" + str(age)) # type casting"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "my name is  wajahat and my age is   30\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"my name is \",name,\"and my age is  \",age)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " enter age23\n",
      " enter nameTalha\n",
      " my name is   Talha  and my age is  23\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age = input(\" enter age\")\n",
    "name = input(\" enter name\")\n",
    "print(\" my name is  \", name , \" and my age is \" , age)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " enter age23\n",
      " enter nametfi\n",
      " my name is   tfi  and my age is   23\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age = int(input(\" enter age\"))\n",
    "name = input(\" enter name\")\n",
    "print(\" my name is  \", name  , \" and my age is  \" ,age)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "TalhaFi\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "F= \"Talha\"\n",
    "T = \"Fi\"\n",
    "print(F+T)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# # String for formatting using pythons.format\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "enter age:23\n",
      "enter name:talha\n",
      "My  name is talha and my age is 23\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age = input(\"enter age:\")\n",
    "name = input(\"enter name:\")\n",
    "print(\"My  name is {} and my age is {}\".format(name,age))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "enter age:23\n",
      "enter name:tf\n",
      "My  name is 23 and my age is tf\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age = input(\"enter age:\")\n",
    "name = input(\"enter name:\")\n",
    "print(\"My  name is {1} and my age is {0}\".format(name,age))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "enter age:23\n",
      "enter name:ft\n",
      "My  name is 23 and my age is 23\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age = input(\"enter age:\")\n",
    "name = input(\"enter name:\")\n",
    "print(\"My  name is {1} and my age is {1}\".format(name,age))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# string formatting using python's f"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "My name is ft and  my age is 23\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(f\"My name is {name} and  my age is {age}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# math expression"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "8"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3+5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1.5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3-5\n",
    "3*5\n",
    "3/2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3//2 # python by default value float mai hoti hai"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "40"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age = 20\n",
    "age = age + 20 # increment operator\n",
    "age "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "60"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age +=20\n",
    "age"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "40"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age -=20\n",
    "age"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "800"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age *=20\n",
    "age"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "40.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age /=20\n",
    "age"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "16"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2**4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "10%3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# if statements"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "10>12"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "10==10"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "12>10"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "10!=10"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " Enter number1 5\n",
      " Enter number24\n",
      " num2 is greater than num1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num1 = input(\" Enter number1\")\n",
    "num2 = input(\" Enter number2\")\n",
    "if num1 > num2:\n",
    "    print(\" num1 is greater than num2\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\" num2 is greater than num1\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "enter number8\n",
      "even\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f= int(input(\"enter number\"))\n",
    "if f % 2:\n",
    "    print(\"odd\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"even\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# else & elif statements"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter age19\n",
      "age is valid\n",
      "Do you have valid ticketyes\n",
      "ok\n",
      "you can enter\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age = int(input(\"Enter age\"))\n",
    "if age >=18:\n",
    "    print(\"age is valid\")\n",
    "    ticket =  input(\"Do you have valid ticket\")\n",
    "    if ticket == \"yes\":   \n",
    "        print(\"ok\")\n",
    "        print(\"you can enter\")\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print(\"you cannot enter\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"you cannot enter\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "you have Id cardyes\n",
      "your name is enter in voter listyes\n",
      "Enter\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ID = input(\"you have Id card\")\n",
    "if ID ==\"yes\":\n",
    "    vote = input(\"your name is enter in voter list\")     \n",
    "    if vote==\"yes\":\n",
    "        print(\"Enter\")\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print(\"no\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"no\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "exp = input(\"Do you have experience\")\n",
    "if exp ==\"yes\":\n",
    "    print(\"select\")\n",
    "safarish = input(\"parchi\")\n",
    "elfi: safarish == \"yes\"\n",
    "print(\"select\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hi\n",
      "my\n",
      "yes\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    " # Mutliple if's\n",
    "a=b=c=d=10\n",
    "if a>=b:\n",
    "    print(\"hi\")\n",
    "if b<=c:\n",
    "    print(\"my\")\n",
    "if c==d:\n",
    "    print(\"yes\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Do you have a valid  CNICYES\n",
      "come inside\n",
      "is your name is voter listYES\n",
      "you can caste vote\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cnic_Status = input(\"Do you have a valid  CNIC\").lower()\n",
    "if cnic_Status == \"yes\":\n",
    "    print(\"come inside\")\n",
    "    name = input(\"is your name is voter list\").lower()\n",
    "    if name == \"yes\":\n",
    "        print(\"you can caste vote\")\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print(\"you cannot caste vote\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"you cannot caste vote\")\n",
    "            "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Do you have a valid  CNIC25789\n",
      "is your name is voter listno\n",
      "u can not caste vote\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cnic_Status = input(\"Do you have a valid  CNIC\").lower()\n",
    "name = input(\"is your name is voter list\").lower()\n",
    "if (( cnic_Status == \"yes\") and (name_in_list == \"yes\")):\n",
    "    print(\"caste your vote\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"u can not caste vote\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'pakistan'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "name = \"pakistan\"\n",
    "name"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'PAKISTAN'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "name.upper()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "enter marks56\n",
      "yor grade is D\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "marks = int(input(\"enter marks\"))\n",
    "\n",
    "if marks >= 90:\n",
    "    grade = \"A*\"\n",
    "elif marks >= 80:\n",
    "    grade = \"A\"\n",
    "elif marks >= 70:\n",
    "    grade = \"B\"\n",
    "elif marks >= 60:\n",
    "    grade = \"C\"\n",
    "elif marks >= 50:\n",
    "    grade = \"D\"\n",
    "elif marks <50:\n",
    "    grade = \"U\"\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"sorry you are not pass try again\")\n",
    "print(\"yor grade is \"+ grade)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter a characteri\n",
      "the character is a vowel\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "char = input(\"Enter a character\").lower()\n",
    "\n",
    "if(char==\"a\" or char==\"e\" or char==\"i\" or char==\"o\" or char==\"u\"):\n",
    "    print(\"the character is a vowel\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"the character is a consonant\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'hi mr where are'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'''hi mr where are'''"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'iii'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'''iii'''"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'orange'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "alist = \"orange\"\n",
    "alist"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "list2 = [\"ao\",123,False,123.5]\n",
    "## list apny ander multiple data tpes hold kr sakti hai"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "6"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "alist = [\"asad\",\"saad\",\"saif\",\"danish\",\"fahad\",\"ali\"]\n",
    "len(alist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['orange', 'saad', 'saif', 'danish', 'fahad', 'ali']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "alist[0] = \"orange\"\n",
    "alist"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "alist.append(1000)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['orange', 'saad', 'fahad', 'ali', 1000]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 50,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    " del alist[2]\n",
    "alist"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['orange', 'peach', 'amrood', 'date']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "alist = ['orange', 'banana', 'peach', 'amrood', \"date\"]\n",
    "alist.remove(\"banana\")\n",
    "alist"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[3, 4, 7, 23, 48, 89]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sortlist = [3,7,4,89,48,23]\n",
    "sortlist.sort()\n",
    "sortlist"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "sortlist.sort(reverse=True) \n",
    "sortlist"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['hamza', 'husssain', 'x', 'z']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "newlist = ['hamza', 'husssain', 'x', 'z']\n",
    "newlist.sort()\n",
    "newlist"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['A', 'Xy', 'bc', 'x']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bList = ['x', 'A', 'bc', 'Xy' ]\n",
    "bList.sort()\n",
    "bList"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[23, 789, 56, 4, 78]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cList = [23, 789, 56, 4, 78, 84]\n",
    "x = cList.pop()\n",
    "cList"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[23, 789, 56, 4, 78]\n",
      "84\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cList = [23, 789, 56, 4, 78, 84]\n",
    "y = cList.pop()\n",
    "print(cList)\n",
    "print(y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ft = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"horse\", \"Tiger\", \"Fish\"]\n",
    "tf = []"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['cat', 'dog', 'horse']\n",
      "['Fish', 'Tiger']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tf.append(ft.pop())\n",
    "print(ft)\n",
    "print(tf)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "cList = [23, 789, 56, 4, 78, 84]\n",
    "emptyList=[]\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "IndexError",
     "evalue": "pop from empty list",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mIndexError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-43-05678b02b706>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0memptyList\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mappend\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcList\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mpop\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[0memptyList\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mIndexError\u001b[0m: pop from empty list"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "emptyList.append(cList.pop())\n",
    "emptyList"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = [333,444,555,666,777,888]\n",
    "b = []"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "list is empty now u cannot be popped\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if  len(a)!=0:\n",
    "    b.append(a.pop())\n",
    "    print(a)\n",
    "    print(b)\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"list is empty now u cannot be popped\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 67,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b=[333,444,555,666,777,888]\n",
    "c=b\n",
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 68,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 69,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "del b[2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[333, 444, 666, 777, 888]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 70,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[333, 444, 666, 777, 888]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 71,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    " # List.copy"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "d = c.copy() "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[333, 444, 666, 777, 888]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 74,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[333, 444, 666, 777, 888]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 75,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 76,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "del c[2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[333, 444, 777, 888]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 77,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[333, 444, 666, 777, 888]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 78,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 79,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "666"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 79,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d[2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    " # slicing\n",
    "   "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 80,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[444, 666, 777]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 80,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d[1:4]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 82,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d[4:1]  #slicing is always left to right\n",
    "         #if u give wrong indexing it can never give error but give empty"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 83,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[444, 666, 777]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 83,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d[1:4:1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 85,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "d= [999, 888, 777, 555, 444, 333, 222, 111, 100, 200, 3300]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 86,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[888, 777, 555]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 86,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d[1:4:1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 87,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[888, 555, 333, 111]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 87,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d[1:8:2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 88,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[888, 555, 333, 111, 200]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 88,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d[1:12:2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    " # Reverse Indexing"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#index     0       1        2         3         4        5       6\n",
    "cities = [\"khi\", 'lhr', 'quetta', 'multan', 'peshwr', 'pindi', 'islm']\n",
    "#index     -7       -6    -5         -4         -3       -2      -1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'lhr'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cities[1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'lhr'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cities[-6]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['khi', 'lhr', 'quetta', 'multan', 'peshwr']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cities[:5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['multan', 'peshwr', 'pindi', 'islm']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cities[3:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['quetta', 'multan']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cities[-5:4]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cities[-5:1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cities[-5:2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['quetta']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cities[-5:3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Return the string without any whitespace at the beginning or the end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "txt = \" Hello World \"\n",
    "x = txt.strip()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Hello World'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# List in List"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = [11,222,33,44]\n",
    "b = [55,66,77,88]\n",
    "c = [\"apple \", \"orange \",a,b]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[11, 222, 33, 44]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c[2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 125,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[55, 66, 77, 88]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 125,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c[3remove(44)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 126,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "77"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 126,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c[3][2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 127,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "44"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 127,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c[2][3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 128,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[66, 77, 88]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 128,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c[3][1:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 130,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "del c[3][1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 131,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['apple ', 'orange ', [11, 222, 33, 44], [55, 88]]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 131,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 134,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "c[2].remove(44)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 135,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['apple ', 'orange ', [11, 222, 33], [55, 88]]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 135,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 137,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = [11,222,33,44]\n",
    "b = [55,66,77,88,a]\n",
    "c = [\"apple \", \"orange \",a,b]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 138,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[55, 66, 77, 88, [11, 222, 33, 44]]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 138,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# TUPLES"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Tuples are imanipulate while lists are manipulate"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 92,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "MyTuple = (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 93,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tuple"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 93,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(MyTuple)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 94,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "6\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(MyTuple[5])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 97,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1, 2, 3, 4)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 97,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "MyTuple[:4]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 98,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "'tuple' object doesn't support item deletion",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-98-e0be1a74e9d7>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mdel\u001b[0m \u001b[0mMyTuple\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m3\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'tuple' object doesn't support item deletion"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "del MyTuple[3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 111,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "alist=[32,34,45]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 112,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[32, 34, 45]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a,b,c=alist\n",
    "print(alist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# delete,insert,pop,clear are not in Tuple"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# packing\n",
    "cities = (\"khi\",\"lhr\",\"isl\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# unpacking\n",
    "large,big,small = cities"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'khi'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "large"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'lhr'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "big"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'isl'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "small"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# loops"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0 nasir\n",
      "1 nasir\n",
      "2 nasir\n",
      "3 nasir\n",
      "4 nasir\n",
      "5 nasir\n",
      "6 nasir\n",
      "7 nasir\n",
      "8 nasir\n",
      "9 nasir\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for a in range(10):\n",
    "    print(a,\"nasir\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5 nasir\n",
      "6 nasir\n",
      "7 nasir\n",
      "8 nasir\n",
      "9 nasir\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for a in range(5,10):\n",
    "    print(a,\"nasir\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0 nasir\n",
      "1 nasir\n",
      "2 nasir\n",
      "3 nasir\n",
      "4 nasir\n",
      "5 nasir\n",
      "6 nasir\n",
      "7 nasir\n",
      "8 nasir\n",
      "9 nasir\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for a in range(0,10,1):\n",
    "    print(a,\"nasir\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0 nasir\n",
      "2 nasir\n",
      "4 nasir\n",
      "6 nasir\n",
      "8 nasir\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for a in range(0,10,2):\n",
    "    print(a,\"nasir\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 nasir\n",
      "3 nasir\n",
      "5 nasir\n",
      "7 nasir\n",
      "9 nasir\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for a in range(1,10,2):\n",
    "    print(a,\"nasir\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for a in range(10,0,1):\n",
    "    print(a,\"nasir\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "10 nasir\n",
      "9 nasir\n",
      "8 nasir\n",
      "7 nasir\n",
      "6 nasir\n",
      "5 nasir\n",
      "4 nasir\n",
      "3 nasir\n",
      "2 nasir\n",
      "1 nasir\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for a in range(10,0,-1):\n",
    "    print(a,\"nasir\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "khi\n",
      "lhr\n",
      "Ryk\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for name in (\"khi\",\"lhr\",\"Ryk\"):\n",
    "    print(name)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "S\n",
      "t\n",
      "r\n",
      "i\n",
      "n\n",
      "g\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for character in \"String\":\n",
    "    print(character)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# pass,break,Continue"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for a in range (10):\n",
    "    if a%3==0:\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for a in range (10):\n",
    "    if a%3==1:\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n",
      "5\n",
      "6\n",
      "7\n",
      "8\n",
      "9\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for a in range (10):\n",
    "    if a%3==5:\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "continue party\n",
      "continue party\n",
      "continue party\n",
      "continue party\n",
      " party is over\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "friends = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g']\n",
    "for friend in friends:\n",
    "    if friend!= \"e\":\n",
    "        print(\"continue party\")\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print(\" party is over\") \n",
    "        break\n",
    "                "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "continue party\n",
      "continue party\n",
      "continue party\n",
      "continue party\n",
      " party is over\n",
      "continue party\n",
      "continue party\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "friends = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g']\n",
    "for friend in friends:\n",
    "    if friend!= \"e\":\n",
    "        print(\"continue party\")\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print(\" party is over\") \n",
    "        continue"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 65,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "continue party\n",
      "continue party\n",
      "continue party\n",
      "continue party\n",
      " party is over\n",
      "continue party\n",
      "continue party\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "friends = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g']\n",
    "for friend in friends:\n",
    "    if friend!= \"e\":\n",
    "        print(\"continue party\")\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print(\" party is over\") \n",
    "        pass"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "SyntaxError",
     "evalue": "unexpected EOF while parsing (<ipython-input-18-906c7fe8589e>, line 1)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;36m  File \u001b[1;32m\"<ipython-input-18-906c7fe8589e>\"\u001b[1;36m, line \u001b[1;32m1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;33m    for a in range (10):\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;37m                        ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;31m:\u001b[0m unexpected EOF while parsing\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for a in range (10):"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for a in range (10):\n",
    "    pass"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 79,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter table number 5\n",
      "5  x  1  =  5\n",
      "5  x  2  =  10\n",
      "5  x  3  =  15\n",
      "5  x  4  =  20\n",
      "5  x  5  =  25\n",
      "5  x  6  =  30\n",
      "5  x  7  =  35\n",
      "5  x  8  =  40\n",
      "5  x  9  =  45\n",
      "5  x  10  =  50\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f = int(input(\"Enter table number \"))\n",
    "for t in range (1,11): \n",
    "    print(f,\" x \",t,\" = \",f*t)\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 100,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "=========\n",
      "2  x  1  =  2\n",
      "2  x  2  =  4\n",
      "2  x  3  =  6\n",
      "2  x  4  =  8\n",
      "2  x  5  =  10\n",
      "2  x  6  =  12\n",
      "2  x  7  =  14\n",
      "2  x  8  =  16\n",
      "2  x  9  =  18\n",
      "2  x  10  =  20\n",
      "=========\n",
      "4  x  1  =  4\n",
      "4  x  2  =  8\n",
      "4  x  3  =  12\n",
      "4  x  4  =  16\n",
      "4  x  5  =  20\n",
      "4  x  6  =  24\n",
      "4  x  7  =  28\n",
      "4  x  8  =  32\n",
      "4  x  9  =  36\n",
      "4  x  10  =  40\n",
      "=========\n",
      "6  x  1  =  6\n",
      "6  x  2  =  12\n",
      "6  x  3  =  18\n",
      "6  x  4  =  24\n",
      "6  x  5  =  30\n",
      "6  x  6  =  36\n",
      "6  x  7  =  42\n",
      "6  x  8  =  48\n",
      "6  x  9  =  54\n",
      "6  x  10  =  60\n",
      "=========\n",
      "8  x  1  =  8\n",
      "8  x  2  =  16\n",
      "8  x  3  =  24\n",
      "8  x  4  =  32\n",
      "8  x  5  =  40\n",
      "8  x  6  =  48\n",
      "8  x  7  =  56\n",
      "8  x  8  =  64\n",
      "8  x  9  =  72\n",
      "8  x  10  =  80\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for tables in range (2,10,2):\n",
    "    print(\"=========\")\n",
    "    for num in range (1,11): \n",
    "        print(tables,\" x \",num,\" = \",tables*num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Dictionary"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 102,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "myft = {}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 103,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dict"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 103,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(myft)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 104,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 104,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(myft)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 110,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "23\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#mydic = {key:value}\n",
    "myft = {\"name \":\"PIAIC\",\"age\":23,\"degree\":\"IT\"}\n",
    "print(myft[\"age\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# methods in dictionary are keys(),values,items()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 118,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "the key is name  and the value is PIAIC\n",
      "the key is age and the value is 23\n",
      "the key is degree and the value is IT\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for k,v in myft.items():\n",
    "    print(f\"the key is {k} and the value is {v}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 121,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "name \n",
      "age\n",
      "degree\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for k in myft.keys():\n",
    "    print(k)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 122,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "PIAIC\n",
      "23\n",
      "IT\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for k in myft.values():\n",
    "    print(k)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# dict in list\n",
    "# tuple in list\n",
    "# list in dict\n",
    "# dict in dict\n",
    "# tuple in dict\n",
    "# tuple in tuple\n",
    "# list in tuple\n",
    "# dict in tuple"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# dict in list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 142,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[11, 22, 33, {'name ': 'PIAIC', 'age': 23, 'degree': 'IT'}]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 142,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "aa = [11,22,33,myft]\n",
    "aa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 146,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'PIAIC'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 146,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "aa[3][\"name \"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 148,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "del aa[3][\"age\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 149,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[11, 22, 33, {'name ': 'PIAIC', 'degree': 'IT'}]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 149,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "aa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# tuple in list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 150,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "mytuple = (1,2,3,4,5,6,aa)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 151,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, [11, 22, 33, {'name ': 'PIAIC', 'degree': 'IT'}])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 151,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mytuple"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# list in dictionary"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = {\"name\":[11,222,33,44]}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'name': [11, 222, 33, 44]}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "del a[\"name\"][2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[11, 222, 44]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(a[\"name\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# dict in dict"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 152,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "qq = {\"names\":myft}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 153,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'names': {'name ': 'PIAIC', 'degree': 'IT'}}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 153,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "qq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "tt = {\"name\":\"Saylani\",\"age\":23,\"City\":\"ft\"}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'name': 'Saylani', 'age': 23, 'City': 'ft'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "\"# How to append a new dictionary to a\\n\","
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "\"list of dictionaries\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "k = [{1: 1, 3: 9, 4: 16}]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "k.append({1:1,3:9,4:16})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[{1: 1, 3: 9, 4: 16}, {1: 1, 3: 9, 4: 16}]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "k"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#                                        # Functions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def abc():\n",
    "    x = 5+6\n",
    "    print(x)\n",
    "    print(\"Function execution End\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "11\n",
      "Function execution End\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "abc()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def p_a(a):\n",
    "    print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "p_a() missing 1 required positional argument: 'a'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-21-0dc136b96ddf>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mp_a\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: p_a() missing 1 required positional argument: 'a'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p_a()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "NameError",
     "evalue": "name 'a' is not defined",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mNameError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-25-0feb06180bc1>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mp_a\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'a' is not defined"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p_a(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p_a(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def sum(no1,no2):\n",
    "    final = no1 + no2\n",
    "    print(final)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "13\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sum(5,8)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "177\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sum(87,90)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def a(no1,no2,f):\n",
    "    if  f == \"+\":\n",
    "        print(no1+no2)\n",
    "    elif f == \"-\":\n",
    "        print(no1 - no2)\n",
    "    elif f == \"*\":\n",
    "        print(no1 * no2)\n",
    "    elif f == \"/\":\n",
    "        print(no1 / no2)\n",
    "    elif f == \"%\":\n",
    "        print(no1 % no2)\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print(\"Invalid\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "72\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a(65,7,\"+\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "58\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a(65,7,\"-\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "455\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a(65,7,\"*\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "9.285714285714286\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a(65,7,\"/\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a(65,7,\"%\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Invalid\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a(65,7,\"#\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def friends_list(friends):\n",
    "    for friend in friends:\n",
    "        print(friend)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Shahzad\n",
      "Hussain\n",
      "Wajahat\n",
      "Ali\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my_friends = [\"Shahzad\",\"Hussain\",\"Wajahat\",\"Ali\"]\n",
    "friends_list(my_friends)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "P\n",
      "a\n",
      "k\n",
      "i\n",
      "s\n",
      "t\n",
      "a\n",
      "n\n",
      " \n",
      "Z\n",
      "i\n",
      "n\n",
      "d\n",
      "a\n",
      "b\n",
      "a\n",
      "d\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = \"Pakistan Zindabad\"\n",
    "friends_list(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 86,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def appendlis(list1,list2):\n",
    "    for l in list1:\n",
    "        list2.append(list1)\n",
    "    for l_2 in list2:\n",
    "        print(l_2)\n",
    "        \n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 87,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 5, 6, 8, 10]\n",
      "[1, 5, 6, 8, 10]\n",
      "[1, 5, 6, 8, 10]\n",
      "[1, 5, 6, 8, 10]\n",
      "[1, 5, 6, 8, 10]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "appendlis([1,5,6,8,10],[])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 89,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def myname(fname,lname):\n",
    "    print(fname+\" \"+lname)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 90,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Talha Naeem\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "myname(\"Talha\",\"Naeem\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 91,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Naeem Talha\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "myname(\"Naeem\",\"Talha\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 92,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Talha Naeem\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "myname(lname=\"Naeem\",fname=\"Talha\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 96,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def me_and_father(m_name,f_name):\n",
    "    print(\"My Name is \"+ m_name)\n",
    "    print(\"My Father Name is \"+ f_name)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 97,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "My Name is Naeem\n",
      "My Father Name is Talha\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "me_and_father(f_name = \"Talha\", m_name = \"Naeem\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 100,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def makejuice(a,b,c):\n",
    "    print(a)\n",
    "    print(b)\n",
    "    print(c)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 101,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "SyntaxError",
     "evalue": "positional argument follows keyword argument (<ipython-input-101-cbae47fdebe5>, line 1)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;36m  File \u001b[1;32m\"<ipython-input-101-cbae47fdebe5>\"\u001b[1;36m, line \u001b[1;32m1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;33m    makejuice(c=\"sugar \",10,\"Banana \")\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;37m                        ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;31m:\u001b[0m positional argument follows keyword argument\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "makejuice(c=\"sugar \",10,\"Banana \")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 102,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "10\n",
      "Banana \n",
      "sugar \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "makejuice(10,\"Banana \",c=\"sugar \")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 106,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def makejuice(a,b,c,d):\n",
    "    print(a)\n",
    "    print(b)\n",
    "    print(c)\n",
    "    print(d)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 107,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "10\n",
      "Banana \n",
      "hel\n",
      "sugar \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "makejuice(10,\"Banana \",d=\"sugar \",c=\"hel\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Default parameter"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 108,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def myfname(fname,mname,lname):\n",
    "    print(fname+\" \"+mname+\" \"+lname)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 110,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "myfname() missing 1 required positional argument: 'lname'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-110-34b909d3ccf5>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mmyfname\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"Talha\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"Naeem\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: myfname() missing 1 required positional argument: 'lname'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "myfname(\"Talha\",\"Naeem\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 122,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def myfname(fname,lname,mname=\" \"):\n",
    "    if mname !=\" \":\n",
    "        print(fname+\" \"+mname+\" \"+lname)\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print(fname+\" \"+lname)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 123,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Talha Naeem\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "myfname(\"Talha\",\"Naeem\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def my(f):\n",
    "    f = int(input(\"Enter table\"))\n",
    "    for t in range(10):\n",
    "        print(f,\" x \",t,\" = \",f*t)\n",
    "        \n",
    "        "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter table5\n",
      "5  x  0  =  0\n",
      "5  x  1  =  5\n",
      "5  x  2  =  10\n",
      "5  x  3  =  15\n",
      "5  x  4  =  20\n",
      "5  x  5  =  25\n",
      "5  x  6  =  30\n",
      "5  x  7  =  35\n",
      "5  x  8  =  40\n",
      "5  x  9  =  45\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my(4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def my(f):\n",
    "    f = int(input(\"Enter table number \"))\n",
    "    for t in range (1,11): \n",
    "        print(f,\" x \",t,\" = \",f*t)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter table5\n",
      "5  x  0  =  0\n",
      "5  x  1  =  5\n",
      "5  x  2  =  10\n",
      "5  x  3  =  15\n",
      "5  x  4  =  20\n",
      "5  x  5  =  25\n",
      "5  x  6  =  30\n",
      "5  x  7  =  35\n",
      "5  x  8  =  40\n",
      "5  x  9  =  45\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "my(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def dis_cal(val):\n",
    "    if val > 100:\n",
    "        discount = val - 5\n",
    "        print(discount)\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print(val)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "103\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dis_cal(108)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def f_ret(a):\n",
    "    return a + 10"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "37"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f_ret(27)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# return ky baad koi naahi chal skati kuky wo fuction ki body sy bahir ajta hai lakin error nhi deta\n",
    "# 1 bar sirf return run kry ga poury function mai\n",
    "# jo value aap function ky ander sy return kro gy tu bahir mily gi"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "15\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = f_ret(5)\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f_ret(10)\n",
    "print(\"Hello\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def dis_cal(val):\n",
    "    if val > 100:\n",
    "        discount = val - 5\n",
    "        return discount\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print(val)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "145"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dis_cal(150)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def kf(bill):\n",
    "    bill = cal(112)\n",
    "    print(\"your bill is\",bill)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def frs_name(a):\n",
    "    for t in frst_name:\n",
    "        print(a,\"khan\")\n",
    "        return (a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Talhakhan\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Talha'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 64,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "frs_name(\"Talha\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['ali', 'hamza', 'OSAMA'] khan\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['ali', 'hamza', 'OSAMA']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 67,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "frst_name = [\"ali\",\"hamza\",\"OSAMA\"]\n",
    "frs_name(frst_name)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def add():\n",
    "        a = 3+4\n",
    "        return a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "7"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "add()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Arbituary number of arguments\n",
    "##   Unkown number of arguments\n",
    "    \n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def cars(model,make,*specs):\n",
    "    print(model,make)\n",
    "    print(specs)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2010 toyota\n",
      "('alarm', 'tape', 'power windows')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cars(2010,\"toyota\",'alarm',\"tape\",'power windows')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2010 toyota \n",
      "('automatic ',)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cars(2010,'toyota ','automatic ')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2015 honda\n",
      "(['alarm', 'tape', 'power windows'],)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cars(2015,'honda',[\"alarm\",\"tape\",'power windows'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def pizo(amount,flavour,*specs):\n",
    "    print(amount,flavour)\n",
    "    print(specs)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1000 Arabian\n",
      "('large', 'more spicy', 'Extra cheese')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pizo(1000,'Arabian','large','more spicy','Extra cheese')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def piza(name,size,flavour,*toppings):\n",
    "    print(\"Order is given by :\"+name)\n",
    "    print(\"Size of piza by :\"+size)\n",
    "    print(\"flavour of piza by :\"+flavour)  \n",
    "    print(\"toppings is given by :\") \n",
    "    for topping in toppings:\n",
    "        print(topping)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Order is given by :TALHA\n",
      "Size of piza by :large\n",
      "flavour of piza by :Arabian\n",
      "toppings is given by :\n",
      "cheese\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "piza(\"TALHA\",\"large\",\"Arabian\",\"cheese\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def person(fname,lname,**about):\n",
    "    print(fname,lname)\n",
    "    print(about)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hamza khan\n",
      "{'age': 25, 'address': 'karachi'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "person('hamza','khan',age = 25,address = 'karachi')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Tim Jhon\n",
      "{'age': 30, 'no': [2345, 5678], 'address': 'london'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "person('Tim','Jhon',age = 30,no = [2345,5678],address = 'london')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def person(fname,lname,**about):\n",
    "    print(fname,lname)\n",
    "    print(about)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hamza Khan\n",
      "{'about': {'hamza': 'bata', 'talha': 'Khan'}}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "person(\"hamza\",\"Khan\",about ={\"hamza\":\"bata\",\"talha\":\"Khan\"})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# using Function as a variable"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def add():\n",
    "    x = 3+5\n",
    "    return x"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def sub():\n",
    "    y = 3+5\n",
    "    return y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ans = add()+sub()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "16"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ans"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def sal(basic,comision):\n",
    "    total = basic + comision\n",
    "    print(f\" your salary is:{total}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def commisionCalculator(sales):\n",
    "    comision = 0\n",
    "    percent = 0\n",
    "    if sales>=100000:\n",
    "        percent = 30\n",
    "    elif sales>=50000:\n",
    "        percent = 20\n",
    "    elif sales>=30000:\n",
    "        percent = 10\n",
    "    elif sales>=10000:\n",
    "        percent = 5\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        percent = 0\n",
    "    comision = sales/100*percent\n",
    "    return comision"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " your salary is:35000.0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sal(25000,commisionCalculator(50000))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter Basic50000\n",
      "Enter Sales200000\n",
      " your salary is:110000.0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "basic = int(input(\"Enter Basic\"))\n",
    "sales = int(input(\"Enter Sales\"))\n",
    "sal(basic,commisionCalculator(sales))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Global & local variable"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fruit = \"Apple\" # global\n",
    "def alocal():\n",
    "    a = 100 # local\n",
    "    fruit = \"Apple\" # global\n",
    "    print(fruit)\n",
    "    print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Apple\n",
      "100\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "alocal()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fruit = \"Apple\" # global\n",
    "def alocal():\n",
    "    a = 100 # local\n",
    "    fruit = \"Orange\" # global\n",
    "    print(fruit)\n",
    "    print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Orange\n",
      "100\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "alocal()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fruit = \"Apple\" # global\n",
    "def alocal():\n",
    "    a = 100 # local\n",
    "    global fruit\n",
    "    fruit = \"Orange\" # global\n",
    "    print(fruit)\n",
    "    print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Orange\n",
      "100\n",
      "Orange\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "alocal()\n",
    "print(fruit)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fruit = \"Apple\" # global\n",
    "def alocal():\n",
    "    global b\n",
    "    b = 100 # local\n",
    "    print(fruit)\n",
    "    print(b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Apple\n",
      "100\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "alocal()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# While loops"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "2\n",
      "4\n",
      "6\n",
      "8\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 0\n",
    "while a<10:\n",
    "    print(a)\n",
    "    a +=2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n",
      "5\n",
      "6\n",
      "7\n",
      "8\n",
      "9\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 0\n",
    "while a<10:\n",
    "    print(a)\n",
    "    a +=1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "enter nameft\n",
      "ft\n",
      "enter nametf\n",
      "tf\n",
      "enter nameft\n",
      "ft\n",
      "enter nameft\n",
      "ft\n",
      "enter nametf\n",
      "tf\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for a in range(5):\n",
    "    name = input(\"enter name\")\n",
    "    print(name)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter name or type exitft\n",
      "ft\n",
      "Enter name or type exitexit\n",
      "exit\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "flag = True\n",
    "while flag:\n",
    "    name = input(\"Enter name or type exit\")\n",
    "    print(name)\n",
    "    if name == \"exit\":\n",
    "        flag = False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
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  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
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   "file_extension": ".py",
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Pakistan 